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Android 10 (API level 29) introduces a number of features and behavior changesto better protect users' privacy. These changes extend the transparency andcontrol that users have over their data and the capabilities they give to apps.These features might mean that specific behaviors or data that your app isdepending on may behave differently compared to older versions of the platform.The impacts on your app should be minimal if your app is following current bestpractices for handling user data.
This page lists a summary of each change.
Note: In addition to the changes listed on this page, Android 10 introducesother features and changes that affect aspects of the platform other thanprivacy. To learn more, see the Features & APIspage, the changes for all apps page,and the changes for apps targeting APIlevel 29 page.Top changes
This section includes the key changes in Android 10 related toprivacy.
External storage access scoped to app files and media
By default, apps targeting Android 10 and higher are givenscopedaccess into external storage, orscoped storage. Such apps can see the following types of files within anexternal storage device without needing to request any storage-related userpermissions:
- Files in the app-specific directory, accessed using
getExternalFilesDir()
. - Photos, videos, and audio clips that the app created from the mediastore.
To learn more about scoped storage, as well as how to share, access, and modifyfiles that are saved on external storage devices, see the guides on how tomanage files in external storage andaccess and modify media files.
Access to device location in the background requires permission
To support the additional control that users have over an app's access tolocation information, Android 10 introduces the
ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
permission.Unlike the
ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
andACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
permissions, the ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
permission only affects an app'saccess to location when it runs in the background. An app is considered to beaccessing location in the background unless one of the following conditions issatisfied:- An activity belonging to the app is visible.
- The app is running a foreground service that has declared a foregroundservice type of
location
.To declare the foreground service type for a service in your app, set yourapp'stargetSdkVersion
orcompileSdkVersion
to29
or higher. Learnmore about how foreground services can continue user-initiatedactionsthat require access to location.
Access granted automatically when targeting Android 9 or lower
If your app runs on Android 10 or higher but targets Android 9(API level 28) or lower, the platform applies the following behavior:
- If your app declares a
<uses-permission>
elementfor eitherACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
orACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
,the system automatically adds a<uses-permission>
element forACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
during installation. - If your app requests either
ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
orACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
, the system automatically addsACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
to the request.
Access when device is upgraded to Android 10
If a user grants your app access to device location – either
ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
orACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
– then upgrades their device from Android 9 to Android 10,the system automatically updates the set of location-based permissions grantedto your app. The set of permissions that your app receives after the upgradedepends on its target SDK version and its defined permissions, as shown inthe following table:Table 1. Changes in location permission stateafter device upgrade to Android 10
Target platform version | Coarse or fine permission granted? | Background permission defined in manifest? | Updated default permission state |
---|---|---|---|
Android 10 | Yes | Yes | Foreground and background access |
Android 10 | Yes | No | Foreground access only |
Android 10 | No | (Ignored by system) | No access |
Android 9 or lower | Yes | Automatically added by the system at device upgrade time | Foreground and background access |
Android 9 or lower | No | (Ignored by system) | No access |
Note that the user can change this level of access even after the systemautomatically updates your app's access to device location. For example, theuser might reduce your app's access to foreground only or revoke accessentirely. Before attempting to access the device's location, particularly withina foreground service, your app should check whether the user still allows yourapp to receive this location information.
Access revoked when updating target API level on Android 10 devices
Consider the case where your app is already installed on a device that runsAndroid 10. If you update your app to targetAndroid 10 in this situation, the device revokes the
ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
permission.For more information on how to retrieve the device's location while your app isin the background, see the guide on receiving periodic locationupdates.
Restrictions on starting activities from the background
Starting in Android 10, the system places restrictions onstarting activities from thebackground. This behaviorchange helps minimize interruptions for the user and keeps the user more incontrol of what's shown on their screen. As long as your app starts activitiesas a direct result of user interaction, your app most likely isn't affected bythese restrictions.
To learn more about the recommended alternative to starting activities from thebackground, see the guide on how to alert users of time-sensitiveevents in your app.
Identifiers and data
This section lists changes specific to working with device identifiers and data.
Removal of contacts affinity
Starting in Android 10, the platform doesn't keep track ofcontacts affinity information. As a result, if your app conducts a search on theuser's contacts, the results aren't ordered by frequency of interaction.
The guide about
ContactsProvider
contains a notice describing the specificfields and methods that areobsolete on all devicesstarting in Android 10.MAC address randomization
On devices that run Android 10 or higher, the system transmitsrandomized MAC addresses by default.
If your app handles an enterprise usecase, the platform providesAPIs for several operations related to MAC addresses:
- Obtain randomized MAC address: Device owner apps and profile owner appscan retrieve the randomized MAC address assigned to a specific network bycalling
getRandomizedMacAddress()
. - Obtain actual, factory MAC address: Device owner apps can retrieve adevice's actual hardware MAC address by calling
getWifiMacAddress()
.This method is useful for tracking fleets of devices.
Restriction on access to /proc/net filesystem
On devices that run Android 10 or higher, apps cannot access
/proc/net
, which includes information about a device's network state. Appsthat need access to this information, such as VPNs, should use theNetworkStatsManager
orConnectivityManager
class.Restriction on non-resettable device identifiers
Starting in Android 10, apps must have the
Caution: Third-party apps installed from the Google Play Store cannot declareprivileged permissions.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE
privileged permission in order to access thedevice's non-resettable identifiers, which include both IMEI and serial number.Affected methods include the following:
Build
TelephonyManager
If your app doesn't have the permission and you try asking for information aboutnon-resettable identifiers anyway, the platform's response varies based ontarget SDK version:
- If your app targets Android 10 or higher, a
SecurityException
occurs. - If your app targets Android 9 (API level 28) or lower, the method returns
null
or placeholder data if the app has theREAD_PHONE_STATE
permission. Otherwise, aSecurityException
occurs.
READ_PHONE_STATE
permission to access non-resettable device identifiers, even if your app targetsAndroid 10 or higher. Also, if your app has special carrierpermissions, you don'tneed any permissions to access the identifiers.Many use cases don't need non-resettable device identifiers. For example, ifyour app uses non-resettable device identifiers for ad-tracking or useranalytics purposes, use an Android AdvertisingIDfor those specific use cases instead. To learn more, see best practices forunique identifiers.
Limited access to clipboard data
Mac Address Example
Unless your app is the default input method editor(IME) or is the app that currentlyhas focus, your app cannot access clipboard data on Android 10 orhigher.
Protection of USB device serial number
If your app targets Android 10 or higher, your app cannot readthe serial number until the user has granted your app permission to access theUSB device or accessory.
To learn more about working with USB devices, see the guide on how to configureUSB hosts.
Camera and connectivity
![Mac Mac](/uploads/1/2/6/3/126375699/247324327.png)
This section lists changes specific to camera metadata and connectivity APIs.
Restriction on access to camera details and metadata
Android 10 changes the breadth of information that the
getCameraCharacteristics()
method returns by default. In particular, your app must have theCAMERA
permission in order toaccess potentially device-specific metadata that is included in this method'sreturn value.To learn more about these changes, see the section about camera fields thatrequire permission.
Restriction on enabling and disabling Wi-Fi
Apps targeting Android 10 or higher cannot enable or disableWi-Fi. The
WifiManager.setWifiEnabled()
method always returns false
.If you need to prompt users to enable and disable Wi-Fi, use a settingspanel.
Restrictions on direct access to configured Wi-Fi networks
To protect user privacy, manual configuration of the list of Wi-Fi networks isrestricted to system apps anddevice policy controllers (DPCs). A given DPC can beeither the device owner or the profile owner.
If your app targets Android 10 or higher, and it isn't a systemapp or a DPC, then the following methods don't return useful data:
- TheNote: If a carrier app calls
getConfiguredNetworks()
method always returns an empty list.getConfiguredNetworks()
, the system returns alist containing only the networks that the carrier configured. - Each network operation method that returns an integervalue--
addNetwork()
andupdateNetwork()
—alwaysreturns -1. - Each network operation that returns a booleanvalue--
removeNetwork()
,reassociate()
,enableNetwork()
,disableNetwork()
,reconnect()
,anddisconnect()
—alwaysreturnsfalse
.
If your app needs to connect to Wi-Fi networks, use the following alternativemethods:
Mac Address Lookup
- To trigger an instant local connection to a Wi-Fi network, use
WifiNetworkSpecifier
in astandardNetworkRequest
object. - To add Wi-Fi networks for consideration for providing internet access to theuser, work with
WifiNetworkSuggestion
objects. You can add and remove networks that appear in the auto-connect networkselection dialog by callingaddNetworkSuggestions()
andremoveNetworkSuggestions()
,respectively. These methods don't require any location permissions.
Some telephony, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi APIs require FINE location permission
If your app targets Android 10 or higher, it must have the
Note: If your app runs on Android 10 or higher but targetsAndroid 9 (API level 28) or lower, you can use the affected APIs (except forACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission in order to use several methods within the Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Aware,or Bluetooth APIs. The following sections list the affected classes and methods.WifiP2pManager
APIs) as longas your app has declared either theACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
or theACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission.![Android App That Lists Mac Address For Network Devices Android App That Lists Mac Address For Network Devices](/uploads/1/2/6/3/126375699/662014067.jpg)
Telephony
TelephonyManager
getCellLocation()
getAllCellInfo()
requestNetworkScan()
requestCellInfoUpdate()
getAvailableNetworks()
getServiceState()
TelephonyScanManager
requestNetworkScan()
TelephonyScanManager.NetworkScanCallback
onResults()
PhoneStateListener
onCellLocationChanged()
onCellInfoChanged()
onServiceStateChanged()
Wi-Fi
WifiManager
startScan()
getScanResults()
getConnectionInfo()
getConfiguredNetworks()
Bluetooth
BluetoothAdapter
startDiscovery()
startLeScan()
BluetoothLeScanner
startScan()
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Permissions
This section describes updates to the Android permissions model.
Note: Each change described in this section affects all apps on devices thatrun Android 10 or higher, even apps that target Android 9 (APIlevel 28) or lower.Restricted access to screen contents
To protect users' screen contents, Android 10 prevents silentaccess to the device's screen contents by changing the scope of the
READ_FRAME_BUFFER
, CAPTURE_VIDEO_OUTPUT
, and CAPTURE_SECURE_VIDEO_OUTPUT
permissions. As of Android 10, these permissions aresignature-accessonly.Apps that need to access the device's screen contents should use the
MediaProjection
API, which displays a prompt asking the user to provide consent.User-facing permission check on legacy apps
If your app targets Android 5.1 (API level 22) or lower, users see a permissionsscreen when using your app on a device that runs Android 10 orhigher for the first time, as shown in Figure 1. This screen gives users theopportunity to revoke access to permissions that the system previously grantedto your app at install time.
Caution: If you want to publish your app on Google Play, you must target Android9 (API level 28) or higher. To learn more, see the guide on how to meetGoogle Play's target API levelrequirement.Physical activity recognition
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Android 10 introduces the
android.permission.ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION
runtime permission for apps that need to detect the user's step count orclassify the user's physical activity, such as walking, biking, or moving in avehicle. This is designed to give users visibility of how device sensor data isused in Settings.Android App That Lists Mac Address For Network Devices Download
Some libraries within Google Play services, such as the ActivityRecognition APIand the Google FitAPI,don't provide results unless the user has granted your app this permission.
The only built-in sensors on thedevice that require you to declare this permission are the stepcounter andstepdetectorsensors.
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If your app targets Android 9 (API level 28) or lower, the system auto-grantsthe
android.permission.ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION
permission to your app, as needed,if your app satisfies each of the following conditions:- The manifest file includes the
com.google.android.gms.permission.ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION
permission. - The manifest file doesn't include the
android.permission.ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION
permission.
If the system-auto grants the
android.permission.ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION
permission, your app retains the permission after you update your app to targetAndroid 10. However, the user can revoke this permission at anytime in system settings.Permission groups removed from UI
Android App That Lists Mac Address For Network Devices List
As of Android 10, apps cannot look up how permissions aregrouped in the UI.